Notional Agreement in Grammar Definition and Examples

In English grammar, notional agreement refers to  agreement (or concord) of verbs with their subjects and of pronouns with their antecedent nouns on the basis of meaning rather than grammatical form. Also known as synesis. (Other terms for notional agreement include  notional concord, semantic agreement, agreement ad sensum, logical agreement, and constructio ad sensum.) Some common cases of notional agreement involve (1) collective nouns (for example, family); (2) plural expressions of quantity (five years); (3) plural proper nouns (United States); and (4) some compound units with and (bed and breakfast). For a discussion of agreement with collective nouns (in American English and in British English), see American English. Examples and Observations I know that our Government are letting our troops down, big time.(Jacqui Janes to Prime Minister Gordon Brown, quoted by Philip Webster, Emotional Gordon Brown on Defensive. The Times [UK], Nov. 10, 2009)Correctly, we suspect that the system is rigged, our government has  become coin-operated and that  weve been sidelined.(Wendell Potter and Nick Penniman, Nation on the Take.  Bloomsbury Press [US], 2016)None of them were in court to hear the judges uphold their appeal.(Steven Erlanger, Terror Convictions Overturned in France. The New York Times, Feb. 24, 2009)Eric Idle, Michael Palin and Terry Jones gave evidence in court while the other two surviving members, Gilliam and John Cleese, gave written evidence. None of them was in court to hear the ruling.(Haroon Siddique, Monty Python Film Producer Wins Royalties Case Against Comedy Team. The Guardian [UK], July 5, 2013)Over on Englands south coast, the surfers of Bournemouth are just as keen as those in Cornwall, but suffer one big disadvantage: the coast gets very poor-quality waves. But Bournemouth borough council were not prepared to let this prevent them from encouraging surfers, and their wallets, to visit.(Alf Alderson, Could the Perfect Wave for Surfing Be Artificial--and in Bournemouth? The Guardian [UK], Nov. 9, 2009)But everybody has their failing, you know; and everybody has a right to do what they like with their own money.(Isabella Thorpe in Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen, 1817) Notional Agreement With Certain Plural Nouns and Collective Nouns Formally plural nouns such as news, means, and politics have long taken singular verbs; so when a plural noun considered a single entity takes a singular verb, notional agreement is at work and no one objects [the United States is sending its ambassador]. When a singular noun is used as a collective noun and takes a plural verb or a plural pronoun, we also have notional agreement [the committee are meeting on Tuesday] [the group wants to publicize their views]. Indefinite pronouns are heavily influenced by notional agreement and tend to take singular verbs but plural pronouns [everyone is required to show their identification].  (Merriam-Websters Manual for Writers and Editors, rev. ed. Merriam-Webster, 1998) Notional Agreement With Fact Expressions Many cars on the roads means many traffic accidents. Behind the plural expression there appears to lie a singular concept which explains the selection of the -s form of the verb. Reference is made to a fact of circumstance, and the meaning of the plural subject expression can therefore be captured by the paraphrase The fact that there is/are X. Plural fact expressions are particularly common in sentences where the predicator is realized by mean (or related verbs like entail, imply, involve), but we find it in sentences with other verbs as well: High production costs prevents reasonable consumer prices. ​(Carl Bache, Essentials of Mastering English: A Concise Grammar. Walter de Gruyter, 2000) Notional Agreement With Plus When mathematical equations are pronounced as English sentences, the verb is usually in the singular: Two plus two is (or equals) four. By the same token, subjects containing two noun phrases joined by plus are usually construed as singular: The construction slowdown plus the bad weather has made for a weak market. This observation has led some to argue that in these sentences, plus functions as a preposition meaning in addition to. . . . It makes more sense to view plus in these uses as a conjunction that joins two subjects into a single entity requiring a single verb by notional agreement.(One Hundred Words Almost Everyone Confuses and Misuses. Houghton, 2004) Notional Agreement With Phrases Such As One in Six and One in 10 Phrases of this sort should be treated as plural. There are good grammatical and logical reasons for this. Compare more than one in six Japanese is 65 or older... with more than one in six Japanese are 65 or older.. Grammatically, we are talking not about the noun one but the noun phrase one in six, signifying a group of people. Logically, the phrase represents a proportion--just like 17% or one-sixth, both of which take plural verbs. Two out of every seven and three out of 10 take plurals too, functioning identically.(David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, Guardian Style, 3rd ed. Guardian Books, 2010)

Hip Hop Politics And Pace University - 1974 Words

Eric M. Goodman December 17th, 2014 POL-246: Hip Hop in Politics – Pace University Professor G. Martinez Hip Hop is often written not simply as music but rather as a political statement; a passing of advice from an experience man to novice children. The lyrics of rappers are written often for entertainment; but just as often they serve as guidance to their peoples’ youth. Over the years Hip Hops purpose, symbolism, and meaning have changed. The rap of this era possesses naà ¯ve optimism. The former impoverished and activists have become the innovators, the industrialist, and the great of a newly form industry. The notice of possibilities, the thought of opportunity spurred millions to action and instilled hope in their hearts and minds. Hip†¦show more content†¦The media paints a poor picture of Hip Hop, even after what is has evolved to and it does not show the advantages of a this new industry. The world of Hip Hop does not, as a whole, possess the same ideals of violence it once did; they now project wealth and ideals all the world over, and thus has a stronger impact on change then it ever did. Hip Hop is a global brand, no longer confined to single community or group of people. No longer does a man need to live and work in the ghetto to reap the benefits of Hip Hop’s guidance and advice. Hip Hop’s light shines brighter and farther today than ever before; it is a global force for the poor, and discriminated that yearn to breathe free all throughout the world. Instead of focusing on the evil pursuits of the minority sections of Hip Hop and damaging to the rest of the world; we should be praising modern Hip Hop, while also acknowledging its faults in a manner consistent with civil criticism of any another industry or group. As Hip Hop evolves, it changes its ways. Hip Hop isn’t destined by some ineluctable cycle of its past. Instead, Hip Hop’s future is a matter of will and willpower, in the sense of crucial choices to be made about their people, community and audience. Hip Hop has largely followed an organic path throughout its history, its artists presented with difficulties, and bending

Chpl 500 Free Essays

The Early History of The Chaplaincy Liberty University Theological Seminary A Writing assignment Presented to Dr. Steve Smith In partial fulfillment for the course Introduction to Chaplaincy ministry CHPL 500 By Watson Rugano (L223514216) May 17th, 2011 Although it is still open for debate, there are suggestions that chaplaincy, as a function in the military, can be traced in the Old Testament. Consider the battle of the Israelites and the Amalekites. We will write a custom essay sample on Chpl 500 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The children of Israel experienced victory as long Moses held his hands up in Prayer to God. Another example that is discussed in the book deals with the Priests who carried the Ark of the Covenant in some of the battles the Israelites were engaged in. Gideon is also looked at as playing the roles of a prophet, priest, and general. Doris Bergen is of the opinion that, â€Å"pointing to ancient precedents lends legitimacy and prestige to modern military chaplaincies, but it does not always accurately always reflect development in the past. The word chaplain as we know it today was coined from the Latin word capellanus which was derived from what Doris Bergen says was â€Å"the great royal relic of the patron saint of the Franks, the cappa. † But evidence of chaplains accompanying soldiers in battle was first noted with the Romans army in fifth century. Some of the duties that they performed involved caring for them by offering prayers and conducting mass. But an important aspe ct in the duties of the chaplain in those early days is best understood by a term Doris Bergen credits to Michael McCormick, which is, â€Å"liturgy of war. In liturgy of war, the chaplains â€Å"were not only part of an effort to achieve victory, they also represented a promise to warriors that their actions were just as good. † Some liturgical texts contain words uttered by soldiers in battle suggesting the influence of â€Å"religion. † The Roman soldiers were known to cry out loud, â€Å"Nobiscum, Deus! †-â€Å"God is with us! † The Frankish warriors on the other hand would, together with their king, march around their camp â€Å"in procession, singing kyries and responding to their assembled priests’ chants: To Lord Charles and his army of the Franks, long life and victory! with the proto-Romance refrain, â€Å"Tu lo juval! † â€Å"(O God) Help him. The liturgy of war reveals how those entrusted with the spiritual care of the soldier s were used and also how those soldiers were affected by the words of the religious men among them. Constantine is known to have claimed seeing a vision of the cross which was an indication of divine help. And if his soldiers were to paint the symbol of the cross on their shields then, victory would be granted. His victory over the Roman Empire begun what was to be the Christianization of the conquered territory. But it was during the rise of the Carolingian monarchy that seems to have changed the history of war rituals. Doris Bergen mentions three factors that contributed to this change. These were, interest in performance of liturgy, nature of warfare had changed and ambition of the new monarchy which believed that both their activities were divinely sanctioned and that the ruler bore personal responsibility for subjects’ minds and souls. The revival of liturgy credited to the Carolingians and the application of a different kind of warfare in the middle east by the warriors of the first crusade that resulted in great success, would later give birth to what Doris calls â€Å"A new kind of war, a crusade, and with it, the liturgical rites that appeared to have stood the warriors of God in such good stead. Swathed in the success of the conquest of Jerusalem, the future of the liturgy of war was assured. † How to cite Chpl 500, Essay examples

Eco Friendly Ganpati Essay Example For Students

Eco Friendly Ganpati Essay An eco-friendly Ganesh Utsav In recent times, Ganesh Utsav festivities in Pune have adapted to environmental concerns, says Rasika Dhavse. September 2004 Puneites are passionate about Lord Ganesh. The Ganesh Utsav (Ganesh festival) in Pune is marked by an emotion so intense that it almost resembles mass hysteria. During utsav days, the Lord becomes family, to be worshipped with utmost love and devotion, before he is tearfully bid adieu on the last day of Anant Chaturdashi. In addition to the celebration of the festival at the individual family level, the Sarvajanik (common) Ganesh Utsav sees the involvement of housing societies, commercial and social organizations, and the city as a whole. People throng to the public installations, not just to bow their heads in reverence, but also to check out the latest decorations and tableaux. The Sarvajanik Ganesh Utsav was spearheaded by Lokmanya Tilak during the British rule as a channel to create social awareness amongst the masses. We will write a custom essay on Eco Friendly Ganpati specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now What is unique to Pune is that the city works hard to ensure that the festival retains this socio-cultural identity along with its religious significance. Over the years, the Ganesh Utsav has held a mirror to society, with its tableaux reflecting current social themes such as AIDS, population control, the Kargil War, political farces, major sports events, and even 9/11! Hence, it comes as no surprise that gradually the festival has donned a distinct green look, in keeping with the burning issue of our times – environment. Pic: Punediary. com In the last four to five years, Puneites have become increasingly conscious of the impact of the Ganesh festival on the environment. Over time, it was noticed that on immersion, the plaster of Paris (PoP) as well as the chemical paints used in the making of the idols were polluting the Mula-Mutha rivers, which are the major sources of water supply to the city. Moreover, as the PoP does not dissolve easily, large and small idols surface in the waters days after the immersion. This is especially so for the large public idols, some of which are over 20 feet in height. Similarly, the flowers used in worship are also cast into the waters, resulting in clogging and decay. All this resulted in concerned citizens campaigning for eco-friendly immersions. Today, indiscriminate immersions of Ganesh idols in the city’s lakes and rivers have abated noticeably. The awareness campaigns by youth groups and environmental organizations have led to a change in mindset. Moroever, the Pune Municipal Corporation has also done its bit by constructing tanks and urging citizens to use those for immersion. Now, at the major immersion sites in the city, one can see these concrete or metal water tanks, huge bins, and bands of volunteers. The volunteers, including a significant percentage of schoolchildren, stand guard at the entrance to the immersion sites. As soon as a Ganesh idol is brought in, they request it to be handed over to them. These idols are then immersed in the tanks. Collection centers are set up at various locations in the city, and some local groups such as the Friends of Nature, the Andhashraddha Nirmulan Samiti (ANS) or the Anti-Superstition Committee, and the Friends Society also undertake collection campaigns. People are requested to donate their Ganesh idols to these volunteers, who then take them to the immersion tanks. Traditionally, the flower offerings or nirmalya made to the Lord during the daily prayer rituals are immersed along with the idol. This practice has also come under the surveillance of this eco-drive. The nirmalaya is collected separately in huge bins and later handed over to the agriculture department or similar organizations to be converted into organic fertilizers or used in vermiculture efforts. â€Å"But it hasn’t been easy,† says P Nanawaty of the ANS. Initially our efforts were met with strong resistence by local religious groups. Our workers were beaten up too. The idea of moving away from the traditional immersion in natural water bodies was not appreciated by many. We worked really hard to convince people that we have to do this in order to protect our waters and environment from the damage caused by synthetic paint colors. It was only over time th at people realised that the rivers were getting so polluted that after the festival, water could not be used for drinking in the villages ahead,† he continues. .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .postImageUrl , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:hover , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:visited , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:active { border:0!important; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:active , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Endangered Species EssayANS started its work with â€Å"Donate your Ganpati† campaigns in Kolhapur in 1997. These efforts were replicated in Pune and the neighbouring Pimpri-Chinchwad corporation from 1999 onwards. Last year, ANS collected over 35,000 idols across Maharasthra in its donation campaign. These days, many citizens also recycle their idols. They do a token immersion at home in buckets or tubs, and then keep the idol away to be used again the next year. Some others have completely stopped the usage of idols made of PoP or even clay, and switched to metal idols. Vijay Lakshman Bhade, a pensioner from Pune, is one of them. He says, â€Å"For years, we used PoP idols. However, we realized the adverse effects of such immersions on environment. Then a couple of years ago, we started using the tanks, and finally last year, we did a complete switch to a brass idol. In order to be true to tradition too, what we do is keep a betel-nut next to the idol as symbolic of the Lord and immerse that on the last day,† says Bhade, proud to have achieved a perfect blend of tradition and eco-awareness. The green revolution has spread to the very genesis of the Ganesh idols — the idol-making community living in Pen, about 80 kilometers from Mumbai. They are shifting back to using traditional clay instead of plaster. What’s more, the green revolution has spread to the very genesis of the Ganesh idols—the idol-making community living in Pen, about 80 kilometers from Mumbai. Idols made by the Pen craftspeople are considered to be aesthetically true to the Ganesh form, and are much sought after in Mumbai, Pune, Kolhapur, and even abroad. Traditionally, a variety of clay called shaadu would be used. But, though these clay idols are easily soluble in water, they are heavier, smaller, gray in color, not so intricate, and therefore less popular than their PoP counterparts. Hence, some makers had switched to PoP. However, with growing concerns about the environment, they are making the shift back to traditional clay. Also, there are now many who insist on clay idols. Take Shashank Mhasawade, a public relations professional, for example. He says, â€Å"We insist on a clay idol every year, even though the finesse and colors are not as grand as those of PoP clays. Also, my mother started the practice of doing the immersion in a bucket at home, and then watering the garden plants with that water. Moreover, we have done away with using thermacol for our decorations. We now just have a basic decor, in harmony with our traditions and the environment! † Those witnessing the Ganesh Utsav in Pune can discern this definite transformation in mindset and the consequent change in the celebrations. As many who have already leaped the chasm declare, tradition does not shackle you down. It evolves over time, giving you alternatives to preserve its sanctity as well as adapt to the changing environment. All you need is the determination—in this case, the determination to go green. ? Rasika Dhavse September 2004 Rasika Dhavse is a freelance journalist, and writes regularly for India Together.

A Poet and an Architect free essay sample

It is a movement originating in Italy in the 1960s which rejected the functionalist and technological preoccupations of mainstream Modernism, advocating a rationalist approach to design based on an awareness of formal properties. Ђ Architecture of the City o Focuses on the importance of the city and its architecture, and is in parta protest against the pure functionalism of the Modern Movement. o For Rossi the city is a by current architectural practices. o He believes that relying on function alone to define architecture misses the true meaning of a city. o He argues that a city must be studied and valued as a manmade object constructed over time. That urban architecture is intrinsically connected with the overall city. Scientific Autobiography o This revealing memoir by Aldo Rossi (1937-1997) one of the most visible and controversial figures ever on the international architecture scene, intermingles discussions of Rossis architectural projects† including the major literary and artistic influences on his work†with his personal history. We will write a custom essay sample on A Poet and an Architect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page o Drawn from notebooks Rossi kept beginning in 1971, these ruminations and reflections range from his obsession with theater to his concept of architecture as ritual. WORKS: Gallaratese 2 Residential Complex, Milan, 1969-73 San Cataldo Cemetery, Modena, 1971, 1978-84 Pavillon in Borgo Ticino, Borgo Ticino, 1973 Teatro del Mondo, Venice, 1979-80 Wohnanlage La Villette, Paris, 1986-91 School of Architecture, University of Miami, Miami, 1986-93 Fukuoka, 1987-89 Disney Office Complex in Disneyland, Orlando, 1991-94 Quartier SchÃ'Ëœtzenstrasse, Berlin-Mitte, 1995-97 Scholastic Building in New York TEATRO DEL MONDO Hotel il Palazzo, The theatre, in which the architecture serves as a possible background, a setting, a building that can be calculated and transformed into the measurements and concrete materials of an often elusive feeling, has been one of my passions. Constructed for the 1979-80 Venice Biennale, embodies Rossis ideas about architecture but exceeds them in the imaginative solution he created, partly due to his infatuation with the theatre. As Rossi reiterated throughout his career that architecture provides a stage for life, with public spaces acting as backdrops for lifes experiences. Ђ With neither theatre nor architecture existing without an event, Rossi focuses on the unexpect ed occurrences, the ever-changing meanings of a place due to ever-changing events. His theater is not a place solely to watch performances but lso a place to be watched, a place to observe and to be observed. This is accomplished on two levels, by placing the theatre as an object in the water and, on the inside, by placing the stage in the centre of the seats. As spectators become part of the backdrop for the theatrical event, the city of Venice is drawn inside through window openings in the upper balconies. Uneasiness occurs as the people sitting in these areas are aware of the presence of boats and the visual rise and fall of the theatre on the water.

Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women

Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women Introduction The role of women in advertising has remained a contentious issue in the contemporary society. For many years, advertisers have used women as advertising objects thus triggering debates and research interest to unravel the unknown truth behind women and advertising. With most adverts carrying the image of women, it is clear that they usually have an impact on viewers in terms of perception towards self-image.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Needless to mention, all media channels like television, magazines and even the internet are full of adverts carrying the image of a woman (Ohio State University, 2011). Even though this is never a concern to advertisers and marketers, it has been found that women usually get affected by such media images and influence their perception towards self-esteem. In this regard, this paper e xplores the relationship between advertising and body image satisfaction. Literature review The concept of body image and how women are portrayed in the media has continuously drawn the attention of people from all walks of life, including authors, scholars and researchers. In understanding this concept, they have dedicated their time and resources in documenting their findings in form of books, journals and internet articles for future reference and academic edification. This segment synthesizes findings from an array of reputable authors who have broadly covered the topic of advertising and body image satisfaction in women. What is body image? From a psychological point of view, body image refers to ones attitude towards own body with regard to sexual attractiveness and aesthetics. (Festinger, 1957). The phrase was first coined in 1935 by a neurologist from Australia in an article which he described the image and appearance of the human body and how it is viewed by the society. Al though the society has always placed a lot of emphasis on beauty, individual’s perception over their bodies may not necessarily match the standards of the society.Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Body image is therefore thought to be a product of several aspects, which define human identity (Clay, Vignoles Dittmar, 2005). These aspects include but not limited to personalities, individual experiences and other forces, which could either be cultural or social. As a result, the sense of physical appearance usually can transform body image in relation to other people or the ideal image recognized by the society (Manasia, 2011). It therefore follows that an individual’s perception may not necessarily reflect other people’s point of view. The ultimate impact of this scenario is either a case of satisfaction or dissatisfaction depending on an indivi dual’s body rating. Due to high value attached to body image and sexualization of women, there has been increasing anxiety related to body image around the world. As a sensitive issue that revolves around gender, women are considered more vulnerable to body image anxiety as compared to their male counterparts. This high concern among women is dangerous since it may result into personality disorders and other health-related issues (Manasia, 2011). For instance, people who view themselves negatively are likely to engage several options like cosmetics and special dieting with an aim of achieving the desired image. Since no guarantee is given for the efficacy of such options, it is worth noting that this approach may lead to severe cases like scorched skin, eating disorders and overall low esteem. As mentioned above, matters of self-image mainly affect women in the society hence leading to altered self-esteem. In general, body image cannot be delinked from self-image. Negative bo dy image always makes a woman to lose her inner self-worth. This means that a person would become less valuable in her own eyes based on judgmental assumptions made from their perceptions. Self-esteem is an essential necessity for both men and women (Maddox, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when women view themselves negatively based on body image, the pride within themselves gets eroded to extreme levels that may cause one to lose friends before disconnecting from the social world. This mainly occurs due to body image dissatisfaction. People with a higher self-esteem usually enjoy life to the fullest, make friends easily, manage their feelings and behavior and develop an overall acceptance of who they are (Ohio State University, 2011). Being an important aspect of human life, it is imperative for the society to focus on developing a positive sense of being and encourage women to have a positive self image regardless of what may be considered as a perfect image. It augments body satisfaction and behavior personality as individuals are able to interact freely without putting a lot of concern on how they appear physically (Muscat, 2011). While these efforts are on, it is essential to point out the role of media in influencing personality image and ability of a person to accept who they are and develop an inner positive drive. Body image and media For a very long time, media has portrayed the image of women negatively or different from what the society considers as a standard image. This is common in advertising where most adverts carry images of women that end up affecting the overall body satisfaction among women. According to Manasia 2011, mass media affects the image of women in a wide range of ways. This occurs through the use of common technologies, which are applied in advertising, and they range from billboards, television, magazines and the internet. In a 2011 research explaining the impact of mass media on body image, Manasia wonders whether mass media has become the beholder of beauty in the contemporary society.Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research affirms that there is substantive evidence indicating that physical appearance of women is quite important in dictating the behavior of women and their average self-image (Manasia, 2011). In this study, it is undoubtedly clear that media has strong influence in enhancing body satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Many research findings support the hypothesis of this research arguing that most women around the world find image to be influential in their lives as it determines the manner in which they interact with others, perceive themselves and find satisfaction or dissatisfaction within (Kacey, n.d.). It filters down to the level of social acceptability as they feel recognized in terns of their body image. Unlike body satisfaction which most women find satisfaction, dissatisfaction can lead to serious withdrawal problems among women. In analyzing this issue, it is equally important to consider several aspects of beauty as portrayed by the media and advertising companies. Sm all sized-women are usually favored compared to average or bigger sizes. In such a case, women who find themselves within the favored category derive significant satisfaction in themselves as they are considered perfect (Media Awareness Network, 2010). On the other hand, women who may have a different body size tend to draw backwards with the fear of rejection due to perceived deviation from what is considered to be perfect in the society. This implies that adverts, which put a lot of emphasis on body size leave the viewer with a distorted mind concerning acceptable standards of beauty and perfection. However, satisfaction or dissatisfaction depends on the level of personal investment towards physical image (Kilbourne, 2011). In other words, this argument emphasizes the fact that the impact of body image in advertising affects women differently depending on an individual’s focus and concern over personal image. Other researches done further indicated that most women prefer tu rning to magazines, billboards and television adverts, which promote thinness as the ideal body figure to be recognized (Markey, Markey Birch, 2004). This seems to be personal-induced torture since some women get obsessed and lured to such images even when they fall outside the ideal bracket of beauty being emphasized by advertisers and other media companies. When women are exposed to images and video ads, which depict a particular attribute of beauty, they usually get angrier and depressed than before they interacted with the material. With these images dominating fashion magazines around the world, one wonders why women still purchase them, since they cause some level of body dissatisfaction (Biagi, 2011). According to Muscatell 2011, TV and magazines are filled with images that depict beauty and perfection among women. However, the main question revolves around the way beauty is represented. These images display ultra-thin women and other celebrities appearing with flawless body images. With regards to billboard adverts, Muscatell argues that it is possible for one to be left with body images in the mind while driving down city streets as billboards dominate all forms of ads on major roads and highways. In a 2011 article, Muscatell is concerned with the direction which advertising companies have taken and the way they define beauty. His main concern is the most probable way of adopting in order to correct the trend which continues to affect women psychologically as some of the sizes and figures, which are considered ideal seem to be unrealistic and unhealthy (Muscat, 2011). As further noted by authors, most women get dissatisfied when exposed to adverts in magazines, which support ultra-thin images. This may cause a feeling of lowliness as people imagine being unfit in the society and irrelevant in the societal context of beauty. Importantly, issues of satisfaction and dissatisfaction adversely affect women below the age of nineteen years as compared to ad ults and mature women (Kirsh, 2009). This is because young women are more concerned with body image and may suffer severely in an attempt to attain the size being perceived as acceptable by the media. For young women who may have this size, they also derive a lot of body image satisfaction as they may feel more acceptable, beautiful and recognizable in the society. On the contrary, those that do not meet perceived standards end up frustrated and may resort to unhealthy and dangerous means of attaining perceived duty. As a result, many develop eating disorders like bulimia and nervosa (Cortese, 2008). While many women get affected by adverts, which depict the body image, it is sometimes impossible to avoid the impact of adverts. How common are adverts of this nature? Regardless of the nature of products being marketed, women are commonly represented in ads (Grogan, 2008). Commercials ranging from foodstuffs to electronics carry the image of women with emphasis on particular attribute s of beauty like color and size. Additionally, our exposure to the media makes it impossible to avoid these adverts. How often do women visit the internet, watch TV or even drive on the streets? It is clear that the current environment is under significant influence of media that women who may choose to avoid fashion magazines may still suffer the impact of media adverts and get affected emotionally (Ussher, 2000). Theories Social construction theory The broadness of this theory covers a wide range of issues from economic to a person’s eating behavior at home. According to this theory, our lives are shaped depending on daily experiences which emanate from effects of numerous social agreements, shared social actions and several institutional practices. As a result, many things which are ignored and taken for granted are always results of human inter-subjectivity. On this basis, a social construct denotes anything in existence as a result of social interactions and not objectiv e reality. However, these components do exists as integral elements of our social life. Other social constructionists describe social constructs as epistemologically objective since they are objects which have meaning in our social lives. Additionally, social reality is rooted in human behavior, institutional practices, culture and different languages. From research carried out by different experts and psychologists around the world, it is evident that women get more affected by adverts than men. This could be explained from different perspectives including the way the society defines women as well as what they are expected to become in life. Through social construction of reality and construction theories, societies have developed norms and standards from a wide range of choices. In other words, whatever that is represented through adverts is not the inherent approach in describing body image but rather an adopted approach that has been adopted through countless choices (Berger Lu ckmann, 1991). In this understanding, social constructionists oppose essentialism, which basically emphasizes the need to observe natural rules as opposed to the creation of perceived social reality that seeks to justify why certain things have to be done in a different way from what is considered as a norm (Berger Luckmann, 1991). In relating this theory to women representation in adverts and satisfaction level, it suffices to mention that the contemporary society has realized the existence of several options and variables that could be used in measure beauty besides accepted ones. This makes it frustrating for women who do not meet the perceived standards since many get obsessed to conforming to the patterns of the world as compared to appreciating what they are. Body image satisfaction in women as influenced by adverts can also be explained using the cultivation theory which expounds on the long-term effects of watching television. Sociologists posit that television is a form of mass media, which has the capacity of binding societies and groups of people together through common behavior, ethics and stances (Berger Luckmann, 1991). Through cumulative impact of exposure to TV, victims like children accept certain trends, which begin shaping their lives with time. The same case applies to adverts and body image satisfaction in women. For a very long time, ultra-slim bodies in women with small tummies have been considered as core attributes of beauty in the society. In other words, these elements are widely acceptable and most people work towards attaining these cultivated features. When these images are carried in adverts on billboards, the internet and other advertising channels, they become widely acceptable and influential. As a result women suffer from body image dissatisfaction if they are not favored or derive a lot of satisfaction. Framing From a social science perspective, framing theory suggests that the exact manner in which something is presented to the public usually has significant influence on the choices made by affected people. It is viewed as an important approach as opposed to rational choice theory which describes how people strive to make rational choices in life regardless of the nature of the data given for analysis. It is important to note that communication plays a major role in framing theory because it evokes conceptual and moral frames through language. Additionally, frames form vital systems in the community which have to be built for a long period of time. As an art, framing can be essential when coupled with cognitive linguistics. Framing is closely related to agenda-setting although it focuses on the immediate issues at hand rather than an entire topic of research. According to framing theorists, the media usually places certain events within some space which has meaning as a way of drawing the public attention. As a result, the media is able to control the manner in which audience analyzes issues and mak es choices. Framing therefore revolves around how certain information is covered by the media and the way in which people choose to digest it. Frames influence people’s attitudes towards a given item being featured in the media. Framing theorists argue that systems are usually developed after some time. This is common in explaining the effects of media to the society. It follows that systems formed through framing and get accepted and assimilated as true and recommended standards (Scheufele, 1999). Additionally, this theory emphasizes the manner in which different items are presented. This presentation usually has impact on people or individuals interacting with it. In seeking social reality, women get influenced by representation of body image through adverts. As an acceptable system, many strive to mimic these standards while others get discouraged and dissatisfied with their body images as they may not measure up to the acceptable standards of beauty. Dealing with dissatis faction It is clear that representation of women through adverts has a profound impact on their perception towards their bodies and causes them to get flooded with negative mood and low self-esteem (Poveromo Hofstra University, 2007). As seen in the above segments of analysis, this may lead to social withdrawal and disconnection, emotional disability and poor eating habits among other adverse effects. Consequently, there is every need to help women to develop and nurture their self-worthiness regardless of how body images are represented through commercial ads. Through psychological efforts, suggestions have been put forth do deal with dissatisfaction among women emanating from negative media representation. One of these ways is cognitive dissonance. By definition, it refers to holding conflicting positions simultaneously (Festinger, 1957). This is common when a person believes that physical exercising is important but fails to make any efforts to get to the gym. In this approach, people are usually advised to alleviate their psychological discomfort by making sober and sound decisions. For the cited scenario, it would be recommendable for the person to go to the gym in order to stay physically fit or ignore and assume that exercising was not that important. Besides being supported by advertising companies, women ought to be informed that being heavy is healthier than struggling to become ultra-slim (Wykes Gunter, 2005). In so doing, victims are likely to have a different attitude towards their bodies and maintain a positive self-image. Future research questions In addressing future interests, researches should focus on answering the following research issues: How to prevent dissatisfaction caused by negative body representation of women in adverts. Why men are rarely affected by adverts with regard to body dissatisfaction. Conclusion and recommendations It is more evident than not that media has an array of effects on the society. Even though some people argue that the impact of media cannot be quantified, its influence has far-reaching effects. Of significance is the manner in which our behaviors get transformed by emulating celebs and other prominent people dominating the media. This is usually a perceived assumption that media personalities are perfect in character (Cohen, 2006). The same argument is used by advertising companies to woo customers. By making adverts associated with certain individuals, psychologists have proven that people get easily swayed in decision-making, a concept that marketers take capitalize. However, common representation of women body image in ads has negative effects. Women get satisfied or dissatisfied depending on whether the image portrayed favors them or not. Dissatisfaction results into other unhealthy and fatal cases like personality disorders and change of behavior. On the other hand, satisfaction may influence the society to believe that a certain trend is acceptable and worth nurturing (Tiggem ann Slater, 2003). This research has supported the hypothesis that advertising has a significant impact on body image satisfaction in women. References Berger, P., Luckmann, T. (1991). The social construction of reality: a treatise in the sociology of knowledge. City of Westminster, London: Penguin Books. Biagi, S. (2011). Media Impact: An Introduction to Mass Media. Stamford, Connecticut, U.S: Cengage Learning. Clay, D., Vignoles, V., Dittmar, H. (2005). Body Image and Self-Esteem among Adolescent Girls: Testing the Influence of Socio-cultural Factors. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15(4), 451–477. Cohen, S. (2006). Media Exposure and the Subsequent Effects on Body Dissatisfaction, Disordered Eating, and Drive for Thinness: A Review of the Current Research. The Wesleyan Journal of Psychology, 1, 57-71. Cortese, J. (2008). Provocateur: images of women and minorities in advertising. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive diss onance. London: Stanford University Press. Grogan, S. (2008). Body image: understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Kacey, D. (n.d.). Greening: The Objectification and Dismemberment of Women in the Media. Capital University. Retrieved from kon.org/urc/v5/greening.html Kilbourne, J. (2011). Beautyand the Beast of Advertising. Center for media Literacy. Retrieved from medialit.org/reading-room/beautyand-beast-advertising Kirsh, S. (2009). Media and youth: a developmental perspective. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Maddox, R. (2005). Cognitive responses to idealized media Images of women: the relationship of Social comparison and critical Processing to body image disturbance in college women. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(8), 1114-1138. Manasia, T. (2011). Effects of Media on Body Image. Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://healthpsych.psy.vanderbilt.edu/media_and_body_image.htm Markey, C., Markey , P., Birch, L. (2004). Understanding Women’s Body Satisfaction. Sex Roles, 51(4), 209–216. Media Awareness Network. (2010). Beauty and Body Image in the Media. Media Awareness Network. Retrieved from media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm Muscat, K. (2011). Can’t Get No (Body) Satisfaction: Media Effects on Body Image. Psychology in Action. Retrieved from psychologyinaction.org/2011/09/19/can%E2%80%99t-get-no-body-satisfaction-media-effects-on-body-image/ Ohio State University. (2011). Medias focus on ideal body shape can boost womens body satisfaction, for a while. Science Daily. Retrieved from sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110411121557.htm Poveromo, J., Hofstra University. (2007). Magazine influence and body dissatisfaction in women: An examination of initial body dissatisfaction, social comparison, and internalization of the thin ideal. Michigan: ProQuest. Scheufele, D. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effec ts. Journal of Communication, 103-122. Tiggemann, M., Slater, A. (2003). Thin Ideals in Music Television: A Source of Social Comparison and Body Dissatisfaction. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35, 48–58. Ussher, J. (2000). Womens health: contemporary international perspectives. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. Wykes, M. Gunter, B. (2005). The media and body image: if looks could kill. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.

Reaction Paper on David Cole interviews with Dr Franciszek Piper Movie Review

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Risk Management and asset allocation Research Proposal

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Does income inequality hurt economic growth Term Paper

Does income inequality hurt economic growth - Term Paper Example The essay further applies the Lorenz Curves model in investigating income distribution in Nigeria and KSA. A deep Lorenz curve implies high level of income inequality in a country. That is the case of Nigeria and KSA. Over the past generations, concern about rising or high-income inequality curtailed primarily from a credence that it is one-sided. In the contemporary world, however, the sources of concern have shifted. The leading concern now is whether income inequality can hurt economic growth. Similarly, income inequality can also have harmful effects on the outcomes people value, such as education, health, happiness, democracy and many other elements that have direct impacts on economic growth. Current studies indicate that income inequality does not only affect people at the bottom but also affects the nation as a whole. The studies explain that the growing income inequality may be the reason that inhibits economies from recovering from the excessive recession. As per a report by OECD, inequality slackens GDP growth through hindering the accumulation of human capital. This trend hurts long-term economic prospects, as well as educational outcomes for persons on the lesser section of a nation’s income ladder. In its recommendation, the report suggests a check-up against this propensity by capitalizing in education and health (OECD, 2015, p. 1). It also calls for a more direct method of assistance to help reduce inequality without hurting economic growth. Furthermore, OECD established that direct cash transfers may not slow down the growth of GDP when these policies are smartly designed, as well as implemented. Depiction based on harmonised data that cover the OECD nations over the past three decades, the econometric analysis submits that income inequality possesses a negative, as well as statistically significant influence on succeeding growth. In specific, the greatest issue is the breach between small income households and the better

Impact Of Louis Vuitton On International Business

Impact Of Louis Vuitton On International Business International Business, due to significant features of its international context, was empowered by global competition which focused on both national and world economic development. Decision was the foremost approaches to be think of in the entry and retention of the business once entrepreneurs figured to denote the business in the international scene. Hence, strategies for the future of the business were influenced by the core managerial skills of the persons in-charged in integrating the core issues in the company. Company existed due to its aim and it should be retained utilizing the specific objectives that the company bounded to assure along the way of the operations. Since there was a competition scheme in all areas of business industry worldwide, success relied to planning, coordination, control and monitoring. Strategies used in the company should not be limited only to the concept of local industry. To assure the success in the company, the management should also revise the strategies which only fitted to local industry but to the international scene also. Every business was challenged by conflicts either internal or external. Some of the features of the conflicts for international marketing were the cultures, norms and national policies which the chosen country where the business will be reestablished had. In this regards, the company should used parameters in generating fast entry to the international business. It should seem like passing new era that the business was starting anew. Decisions should focus on the four core areas. These areas included the marketing programs, operations, organizational and financial viability. Thus, decisions are done massively to incorporate the changes on ways to be adjusted on the new environment. Style of management in the international business is an open-ended sequence of decisive powers. Managers should be open to development empowering the organization with new technologies, complex challenges and reflection to more precise processes. It should be ended with predefined objectives of setting new values to integrate, beliefs to reinforce and attitudes to work out. The leadership style in this should be incorporated with the principles of having a purpose, structure, relationship, rewards and other mechanisms of progress. Specifics of  financial planning  is determined by the following problems: volatility in exchange rates, revaluation of currencies, particularly the national taxation, possible difficulties with the export of funds from abroad, problems with in-house transfer pricing, problems in terms of estimating performance of foreign subsidiaries, etc. Hence to highly intensify the key understanding in the international business, this study was made to ensure that context of international business was raised for better understanding of the readers. Thus, the researcher presented the status of Louis Vuitton in the international scene. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQQCGPmTVvkv4sbrmHGVl88xdAehJMnSuf9VOr0Lt5PKZXhmRMiqw This photo was a screenshot of one of the Louis Vuitton Channel Distributor. Historical Background of Louis VuittonLouis Vuitton becomes a partner of Damat Louis Vuitton was established in 1854 with massive designs of bags which introduced other forms of luggage made from canvas. The LV logo patterned with the canvass with knowledge notifying the prestige and wealth during the 19th century. The business began its career from the first designs which was similarly to flat-bottom trunks with Trianon canvas. http://64.19.142.13/2.bp.blogspot.com/_2CVCjbOaCZ4/SLtFJMK8K-I/AAAAAAAAApA/hi-LdB3eBik/s400/Louis+Vuitton.jpg The business altered the designs from Trianon to beige and brown designs. This was done not to be imitated and to avoid redundant designs. The successor of Louis Vuitton continued the business after his death on 1892. In 1893, it entered the U.S market and, in 1896, the company launched its signature Monogram Canvas and secured worldwide patents for it. It has since become the classic symbol of the Louis Vuitton brand. Under new management, Georges Vuitton altered some of the company policies and heightened the operations through new designs using monogram-canvas design. During the new millennium, Louis Vuitton celebrated its 150th founding anniversary. Impact of Louis Vuitton on International Business Louis Vuitton has great impact on the economic environment aspect of the country. Louis Vuitton was known to be producers of luxurious, socialite and expensive products that elite class citizens used to dreamt of having one of the items provided by the company. Most of the celebrity and public figures worldwide often denote their current status in the wealthy class through exposing their collections of Louis Vuitton products. Thus, the company claimed their popularity in the international market. It can be observed that Louis Vuitton had massive impact to the international business industry. One observable impact of Louis Vuitton is on the economic aspect, for those developed countries there is the fast approach of the economic growth of their country. Some of the researchers viewed Louis Vuitton as a linkage to communication, access to resources, and diverse ways of thinking. Viewing it as a student, I would have to say that Louis Vuitton is two-faced. While it has provided access to employment, it has also encouraged exploitation of labor. While it has opened the door to opportunities in other countries, it has also encouraged exporting of our human resources. While it has invited international communication, it also becomes apparent that this kind of communication benefits only those who have access. I have yet to continue examining the impact of Louis Vuitton on the life of other country. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSXgRbvQKqwwLBe9JRkxvtoup5WOBfTsAnpdOIdU_A-lWTPCzD9IHwgoOMbRw This figure shows the SWOT Analysis of Louis Vuitton in the International Market. While Louis Vuitton offers a world of possibilities, it also opens issues that relate to social justice, particularly to those who are not advantaged by the system. Hence, people must be shed with light on this matter for further knowledge and opinion. If you think about it and look around problems of Louis Vuitton in other country, you will notice that one of the main reasons there were less possibilities of improvement is because of the weakness of laws. Just as politics is ruled by personality so too are laws, courts and regulatory bodies fall before this. There are studies after studies confirming this weakness, and it has nothing whatsoever to do with Louis Vuitton, and everything to do with political and legal culture. And still, we might think that Louis Vuitton has a dramatic acceleration in the empowerment of territorial shifts. Structure of Louis Vuitton in International Business Before expanding into a foreign market, careful consideration must be made regarding type of business entity with which the firm will enter that market.  Each organization type has specific strengths and weaknesses that should be carefully weighed according to the business and legal climate of the country we are entering and our business strategy.   The three types of business organizations were used by Louis Vuitton in their entry to the international scene: Louis Vuitton utilized the joint venture to partner with other business in different countries. Most of the country prohibited the foreign company to operate to their country unless being partnered with local business in the said countries. This was one of the strategic decisions that Louis Vuitton incorporated in order to select the more capable and competent business in the country where they prefer to sell their products. Louis Vuitton becomes a partner of Damat This was a joint venture of Louis Vuitton and Damat from Orka Group company in Turket for the operation of the company in the Turkish Region. A joint venture of Louis Vuitton with Damat in the Turkey would allow the business to enter that foreign market of Turkey capitalizing on the pre-existing business reputation of that Damat.  In addition to deferring part of the risk involved, Louis Vuittons market entry allowed minimal entry costs as the Damats pre-existing presence can be exploited.  The customer base, reputation and distribution network of Damat allowed Louis Vuittons rapid market penetration with a minimum of supply chain and marketing problems.  Additionally, partnership of Louis Vuitton and Damat accessed to suppliers and local financing easing potential problems associated with a foreign business operating in Turkey. Thus, the two make the contracts verifying the risks and sharing of loss and profit through the generation of business concerns like profitability, ethics, and situations that could potentially lead to litigation.   The second pre-operation of Louis Vuitton in the international market was through channel of distribution. Typically, the distributor is responsible for carrying inventory for the market and is the local service provider for warranty claims.  As far as the buyer is concerned, the distributor is the face behind our products. Seemingly in the Philippines, Michelle Trading Company was the chosen distributor of Louis Vuitton. Through the license of the Michelle Trading Company in the Philippines, the said company acquired sample products of Louis Vuitton and resold the products to the residents in the Philippines who craved to have Louis Vuitton products. The buyers would no longer travel abroad to buy the expensive product plus allocated cost of transportation but instead, the products came available through the channel distributors. This type of relationship allows market entry with yet lower entry costs, and offers the added benefit of deferring direct costs of doing business in the foreign country to the distributor.  As a result, start up costs are nearly non-existent; the distributors existing business operations are used exclusively.  Because of this, this arrangement allows immediate market penetration. The last operational transaction of the Louis Vuitton to have successful entry to the international business was through the wholly-owned subsidiary. Louis Vuitton had many subsidiaries in different countries in North America and across Asia. The manner of organization of the new business entity would be determined by the needs of Louis Vuitton and the laws and regulations of the foreign country. As explained, a wholly-owned subsidiary presents the best option for greatest control over market entry.  It also allows for greater profitability as profits will not be disbursed between business partners or consumed by a distributor.  Our firm will have direct contact with customers, the distribution chain, creditors and the local industry. As a result, this presents the best opportunity for long term growth in the foreign country and will allow for easier future expansion in the region. Each form of business structure has strengths and weaknesses which empowered the Louis Vuitton operation very visible to public and a success in their orientated operations. In deciding which structure to utilize in entering a foreign market, careful consideration should be made regarding both our firms strategy and the legal risks and ramifications associated with that strategy.  It is imperative that competent, experienced legal counsel be consulted to examine that strategy prior to committing to any action. Findings An evaluation of the companys internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats served as the foundation for this strategic analysis and marketing plan. The plan focuses on the companys growth strategy, suggesting ways in which it can build on existing customer relationships, and on the development of new products and/or services targeted to specific customer niches. International Business should establish an objective to achieve cumulative growth in net profit. To accomplish its marketing objectives, International Business should develop benchmarks to measure progress. Regular reviews of these objectives will provide feedback and possible corrective actions on a timely basis. The major marketing objective is to gain a better understanding of the needs and satisfaction of current customers. Since International Business is benefiting from reorder rate, it must be satisfying its current customers. International Business could use the knowledge of its successes with current clients to market to new customers. To capitalize on its success with current clients, benchmarks should be established to learn how International Business can improve the products it now offers through knowledge of its clients needs and specific opportunities for new product offerings. These benchmarks should be determined through marketing research and International Business ma rketing information system. Another objective should be to analyze the billing cycle International Business now uses to determine if there are ways to bill accounts receivable in a more evenly distributed manner throughout the year. Alternatively, repeat customers might be willing to place orders at off-peak cycles in return for discounts or added customer services. International Business also should create new products that can utilize its current equipment, technology, and knowledge base. It should conduct simple research and analyses of similar products or product lines with an eye toward developing specialty advertising products that are software based but not necessarily calendar related. http://www.legacytrunks.com/images/Louis%20Vuitton%20Trunk%206.jpg This study is focused on gaining knowledge of reality through the study of social construction of International Business which gives us an interpretive and explorative view of the interaction and relationship among dynamic capability, continuous innovation, and entrepreneurship. For a complete view of the interrelationship of these three components, we have selected case organizations of a similar size and operating in the same industry to be able to clearly contrast their organizational capabilities and the linked innovative results. Business innovation is facilitated by the leaders foresights and insights of the business opportunities as well as the internal and external resources. The dynamic capabilities in the model enable entrepreneurship and foster the process of innovation. The arrows indicate that any of the three components in the model are interlinked. Through the cyclical processes of entrepreneurship, dynamic capabilities and innovation, entrepreneurs can accumulate their capabilities to further capture opportunities and generate innovation continuously. Apart from the data gathered from annual reports and published articles on the companies, interviews were also conducted with business managers of the companies. Several interview guidelines were developed for the interview, such as what is the most critical challenge the company faces in the textile industry? How does the company decide its expansion strategy? What are the most distinctive features in companys management of human resources, products and external resources? How does company facilitate organization learning and how does company manage knowledge? What is the relationship between companys decision making process and leadership? How does company manage its brand and innovation? How does company capture innovation and new investment opportunities? The interview data were transcribed and consolidated with secondary data into analysis tables. Iterative verifications and finding analysis were performed until several key points were developed. In order to accept that the role of entrepreneurship has increasingly important role in corporate innovation, it becomes critical to identify the abilities which enable entrepreneurs to facilitate innovation. Dynamic capabilities create strategic advantages by integrating and recombining the external and internal resources. The capabilities of managing resources affect the performance that they can reduce costs and improve product/service quality to fit the firms strategy and technology to accomplish the task of continuous innovation.http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQCycX7-aDJBvI_3uQLHu1yxHWXtj3kAdHnsXMyEnAiJAB4fsNG1Q Concluding Statements International businesses  face some serious challenges issues and solutions about what products or services should be attractive for various foreign markets, possible problems with the transfer of currency, the uncertainties associated with predicting the costs and profitability, creating significant management problems, the impact of different cultures, the complexity of choosing the optimal structure for international business, taxation and pricing, high political risks, etc. Series of development varies the effects of the structure, technology and people in the socio-technical system in such organization. It always depends on the existence of such organizations deriving change due to environments, kinds of people working and the community for acceptance. Along with the structure, skills and abilities of the particular hired in the organizational structure will affect the decisions about what the organization can do and how it will be done. For the technology, its effect is seen from the analysis of the rapid influx in modernization and how it dominate the social standards of the organization varying from the kind of processes integrated in the organization whether it is continuous, large scale or small scale. For the people, such participation is regarded with the control of the people governing and hired by the organization. People in this sense are also reflected as the receivers of the purpose of organizations. Their perception and acceptance is highl y needed in the changes in the quality of life, workplace and in uplifting the socio-economic status of the organization.

Online Dating Essay -- Internet Date Singles

A Brief History of Courtship "Courtship takes many forms, depending mainly on the point in history and the culture in which it exists" (Cate, 1992) Many popular love songs claim that being in love is similar to being under a magical spell. Some state that "all you need is love," and still others affirm that "love lifts us up where we belong." People dream about finding their one and only soul mate, and in this day and age, the pursuit for love and happiness is closer to home than ever before......in fact, it's only a mouse-click away. Of course, dating hasn't always been so convenient. In the early 19th Century, marriages were arranged with little emphasis on romance or love. Marriage itself was considered to be an economic union, and without a good family name and large plot of land, it was difficult for anyone to find a suitor. Colonel Fitzwilliam says it best in the 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice, stating, "there are not many in my rank of life who can afford to marry without a great deal of attention to money" (Austen, 1995). In the late 1800s, romantic love moved into the spotlight, and courtship became the norm; although, this custom was not without its rules and regulations. A great deal of etiquette was employed when arranging the details of a date, and oftentimes, this event was set to take place inside the female's home. "Parlor dates" were very popular, and by opening up one's home, the woman was able to display her homemaking skills -- an area of expertise that was highly valued by the male community. During the early 20th Century, courtship began to take place outside of the home, and although the strict formalities of the dating game were generally loosened, many new conventions were impose... ....N. (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 11, 191-204. Scharlott, B.W. and Christ, W.G. (1995). Overcoming relationship-initiation barriers: The impact of a computer-dating system on sex role, shyness, and appearance inhibitions. Computer in Human Behavior, 11, 191-204. Sproull, L. and Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 32, 1492-1512. Stanley, T. (2006). Online Dating Sites get Stood up by Consumers. Advertising Age, 77, 10. Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the Screen: Identity in the age of the Internet. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Whitty, M. and Carr, A. (2006). Cyberspace Romance: The Psychology of Online Relationships. New York, New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

International Nurses in Canada Essay

International Nurses in Canada Nurses play vital role in the person’s life. Nurses take care of health of all age group of Canadians and make the nation very healthy and wealthy. Nursing, as a career to both men and women offer varieties of opportunities for professional development and the personal satisfaction by helping people, when they really seek caring hand. Duties and Responsibilities of a Nurse in Ontario, Canada In Canada duties and responsibilities of nurses are well defined and listed with the emphasis on good ethics. The main duties of the Registered Nurses are as follows. Nurses assess patients to identify appropriate nursing interventions and provide medications and treatments according to policies and protocols . They collaborate with team members to plan, implement and evaluate patient care in consultation with patients and their relatives. They educate the patients and implement the institute policies for discharging patients. They assist surgeons, physicians in medical procedure or surgery and successfully monitor and operate medical equipments and supervise subordinates staff. (1. Employment Ontario). They maintain stock of supplies; prepare rooms, sterile instruments and equipments. They perform routine laboratory and office work. (2. Compassionate nursing care). In Ontario, there are two major groups in nursing profession. 1. Registered Nurse, 2. Registered Practical Nurse. The important differences between these two nursing professions are education and practice. RN requires studying a four year Bachelor of Nursing degree course and RPN requires studying, diploma program of four semesters. (3. RNAO). Working area of a nurse trained in Ontario, Canada – A nurse trained in Canada can work in nearly 120 countries in the world. This is due to the Global nursing connections of Canadian Nursing Associationwith ICN (International Council Of Nursing). ICN is a federation of national nurses’ associations, representing nurses in more than 120 countries. CNA has very good leadership, which has represented ICN at various senior level for pretty long period. (4. CNA). Duties of a nurse in a Third World Country (ZAMBIA) Zambia is a member of International Council of Nurses (ICN) and nursing profession is regulated by the Nurses and Midwives Act No. 31 of 1997. Unfortunately, Zambia is among the 57 countries identified by WHO as experiencing critical shortage nurses and doctors as they are changing their profession or migrating to other counties. (5-ZUNO, 2008). Nurses in Zambia are working in highly unsafe and poor occupational conditions. In Zambia HIV/AIDS and other diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria are predominant. Due to the shortage of nursing staff, there is an overload of work on existing nurses. They work with inadequate protective clothing and instruments. They are offered very poor salary and deprived of basic needs of life. All these factors increase stress to nurses and deteriorate their physical, mental and financial condition. The nurses trained in Ontario can work in any part of the world, but the internationally trained nurse cannot work here as soon as they come here. At first glance this looks unpalatable and dominance of developed country over developing country and third world country. Here, the development in health care is very fast to keep the people healthy and provide faster recovery. So nurses will require keeping the pace with new technology and innovations. Nurses need to implement new health programs. Nurses need to work more independently. Nurses must be able to collaborate, the activities of the different disciplines for the patient’s benefit. Here, Nurses should be aware of consequences of ethical and legal issues, while treating the patient with their consent, relating nursing practice in the institute / hospital. (6. CNA). All these important information and knowledge are required before treating patients in Ontario. Above all, communication should also be fluent, to understand team members and patients. Because of these reasons, internationally trained nurses might not be able to work immediately, when they arrive here. Requirements for internationally trained nurse to be accepted in nursing profession They should be Canadian citizen, Permanent Resident or authorized under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada) and provide evidence of fluency in English / French. They should complete an acceptable nursing program, provide recent safe nursing practice, should successfully complete national nursing registration examination and provide registration or eligibility of registration in Ontario. They should provide Good character and clean criminal record from a Canadian Criminal Record. (7. CNO). Expenses to obtain Ontario Certification for internationally trained nurses Various Bridge Training programs are offered by Ontario government to internationally educated nursing professional to gain the knowledge and information needed to get license to do practise in Ontario. (8. Ontario Bridge Training). This study program is ranging between 2 to 4 semesters. The tuition fee for this study program is ranging between$ 12000 to $ 4400. After completion of this program they will have to pay,1. application fee,2. PLAR Fee,3. Examinatin fee,4,General class registration fee. The total comes $ 2457. 0. (9. CNO). These expenses are overwhelming for newcomers. Newcomers initially struggle to get the job to meet their daily expenses. How could they take care of expensive tuition fees and license fees with full time study? This system is very expensive for internationally trained nurse to get license and do the practise in Ontario.

The European Unification Essays - Council Of Europe, Free Essays

The European Unification Essays - Council Of Europe, Free Essays The European Unification The European Unification 500 years ago, the European age began. Portuguese seafarers swept Europe out of the medieval age, and boldly helped Europe to grow. During the European age, constant wars were fought among the many nations that made up Europe. By 1945, Europe had all but destroyed itself. With the end of the 20th century, Europe has been given a historic opportunity, a united Europe, it is a chance at new life, a miracle as some consider it. On January 1, 1999, champagne corks popped, fireworks lit up the skies, and the peoples in Europe were happy. What is important about this date? January 1, 1999 marked the launching of the new single currency for the European Union, the euro. Many see this as a giant step towards Europes long quest for unity. The Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf hailed the launch of the euro as the crown upon European unification. After many decades of dreams, diplomacy, and delays, European unity seemed closer than ever. However as you shall see, the European Union will not benefit Europe, rather it will serve as a detriment. In order to decide whether the EU will serve to benefit Europe, or hurt it, we need to consider the history behind Europe. In 1993, the European Union was started. Across all of Europe it was hailed as a new opportunity for peace, something that could not be rejected. The EU began with five countries, who signed a pact to unite and grow stronger. Now, in the year 2000, the European Union has grown to some 15 member countries, joined together for a common cause: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These countries have at great expense, decided to make the change from individual countries, to a united group of people. The rules and requirements are strict, or else many more countries would have already joined. As it is, there are many countries waiting in the wings, waiting to be accepted into the European Union; countries like Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hung ary, Poland, and Slovenia. There are eight others that are awaiting their turn, but cannot join as of yet, since the entrance fee does not come cheap. However, in time, most of Europe will join the EU and a new United States of Europe will be born... hopefully. What is the purpose of the EU? Well, in short, unity. All of Europe, for once, working towards the same goals; no more wars, no more violence, stability, and peace. These are goals every nation in the world strives towards These are the three pillars which the European Union is based on: Pillar One: abides by the Treaty of Rome, as revised by the Single European Act, it introduces a single market, where all can share and prosper, it includes democracy in Europe, and the European Monetary Union (single currency, European Central Bank, single monetary policy, coordination of economic policies) Pillar Two: established the Common Foreign Policy and Common Security Policy which make it impossible for the Union to take joint action in foreign and security affairs. Pillar Three: establishes an asylum policy, rules on crossing state borders, an immigration policy, the combating of illegal activities, and includes customs, police and judicial cooperation. These are the three pillars upon which all the EU must abide. The European Union offers much for Europe: a common constitution, a single economy and currency, a common foreign policy, as well as common security and defense policies. It offers to give Europe the ability to become a major world power, with an economy that can compete with the U.S. economy. If everything works out, the European unifications will strengthen Europe, not only in its economy but in every other area as well. And indeed, improvements can be seen. The European Union has already begun to expand Europe's economy. Previously, countries such as Finland had as little a gain as 4% on their exports. Now revenues have increased 25% or more in these countries. Not only Europe's economy has grown, but so has its security, as well as its peace. Tariffs have been removed, and borders are marked merely by signs, along with small guard

The eNotes Blog Get Caught Reading ReclaimingConversation

Get Caught Reading ReclaimingConversation Not long ago, I read a fabulously informative book called Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age by Sherry Turkle. Turkle’s work challenges the notion that â€Å"the more connected we are, the better off we are† by examining how technology and social websites have affected our conversations. Twitter and Facebook may appear to better connect us, but Turkle reveals what we lose when we primarily communicate across screens. Building off of the â€Å"three chairs† idea from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden, Reclaiming Conversation is a rewarding read full of thought-provoking ideas that advance her panacea for the modern world: â€Å"Conversation cures.† Let’s look at a few of the highlights. One Chair for Solitude For those of you unfamiliar with Thoreau’s Walden, the â€Å"three chairs† idea is simple. Thoreau had only three chairs in his cabin at Walden Pond. The single chair represents solitude, a time for Thoreau to be comfortably alone and have the opportunity for self-reflection. Turkle builds on this idea, stating that solitude allows us time for self-discovery: In solitude we find ourselves; we prepare ourselves to come to conversation with something to say that is authentic, ours. However, Turkle makes it clear that recent research has shown that people are uncomfortable if left alone with their thoughts, even for a few minutes. Being â€Å"bored† has suddenly become something that can cause panic and fear. This is why devices and social media have thrived: we never have to be alone with our thoughts. And here is the problem that Turkle presents: if we’re afraid of being alone, â€Å"we struggle to pay attention to ourselves.†Ã‚   Turkle starts with this â€Å"first chair† because it is the most personal level. A flight from self-reflection is a flight from conversation, and vice versa. This section helped me ask myself some rather tough questions: When was the last time I allowed myself to be bored? How much time do I make for my own thoughts? If I have trouble paying attention to myself, will I be able to pay attention to others? Two Chairs for Friendship The two chairs for friendship represent the intimacy and empathy that develop from conversation. Turkle acknowledges the complaints from younger generations on how face-to-face conversations with â€Å"real† people are stressful: â€Å"Real people, with their unpredictable ways, can seem difficult to contend with after one has spent a stretch in simulation.† Seeing the stress that can come from an unscripted conversation, many people seek the safety of the friction-free, programmable worlds of the internet, where you can take the time to edit what you say and present your â€Å"best self.† What many forget, and what many forget to teach, Turkle claims, is the true power that face-to-face conversation has: Face-to-face conversation is the most human- and humanizing- thing we do. When we speak to one another face to face and in real time, we allow ourselves to be vulnerable, to share, and to learn. This is our primary vehicle for understanding one another, for developing empathy. The research Turkle presents supports what literature and philosophy have preached for a long time: empathy requires face-to-face conversation; it requires eye contact. When we have conversations with our nearest and dearest, we give ourselves an opportunity to experience what George Eliot called â€Å"the meeting eyes of love.† Reading this section, I found myself thinking about my own conversations with my friends and family: When was the last time I had a really good conversation? Why was it good? What did I learn? How did I grow? What conversations did I have when I was younger than helped me develop into the person I am today? What steps do I take in my own life to pursue meaningful conversations? To develop empathy? Three Chairs for Society This section of the book focuses on the importance of community and group discussion but also spends a lot of time pointing out all the research against multitasking. If you’re like me, you’ve probably thought that being able to multitask is not only desirable but also mandatory in today’s workforce. Well, it turns out that multitasking is a myth: we don’t multitask, we split-task. Doing multiple things at the same time further divides our attention: Multitasking will not bring greater value. You will feel you are achieving more and more as you accomplish less and less. When we feel this way, we sacrifice face-to-face conversations, meetings, and other forms of communication that seem less productive. Turkle presents several studies of how face-to-face conversations in school and the workplace help forge stronger connections between peers and promote a more efficient, prosperous environment. She says that it’s up to management and leaders to help create this culture and anticipates the following questions that challenge the benefits of face-to-face meetings over email and screen conversations. This section of the book encouraged me to ask myself the following: (How) Does my work promote a healthy culture of communication? How can I help? How does conversation with my colleagues help me do my job better? How does workplace conversation create a sense of community? Of purpose? Conversation Cures Having thoroughly enjoyed this book, I know I’ll be revisiting it frequently in the future for reminders and inspiration. Turkle’s research can prove a little disheartening at times, but she consistently- and optimistically- reminds us that â€Å"conversation cures.† Thoreau went to the woods â€Å"to live deliberately,† and I believe that living with intention will help us face the challenges of today’s world. We have the power to connect deeply with each other and ourselves by embracing solitude, developing empathy, and promoting community.

IMG Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IMG - Case Study Example Currently, the company has diversified to include services such as stadium ownership and management, television, event ownership, modeling organization among others (Anand and Attea 1-23). Further, IMG has proved to be a successful business empire that grew from focusing only on one opportunity kind. However, this single opportunity lead to diversification and realization of other viable but related opportunities. This diversity has however been managed through the introduction of subsidiary companies to manage different interests of the mother company. As such, McCormack (or his successors) should go ahead and seek diversity since it has proved to add value into the mother company. Further, in so doing the company will be hedging itself against competition from other companies that may seek to exploit these diversities. Moreover, the company has laid down a strategy that has defined the role of any given subsidiary venture. In fact, such a subsidiary company is at liberty to manage itself as an independent company. As such, the need to engage in experts is covered by the presence of IMG itself. However, due to the dynamic unpredictable eventualities in the nature of its business dealing there may crop a situation that will call for expert’s services. For example, if IMG or on of its constituent company is faced by a legal issue, then it will be necessary to indulge the services of an equally potential law firm (Anand and Attea 1-23). Given the reputation of this organization, the concerns of engaging external consulting firms have not been a concern to it. The founder and CEO of IMG have strategically approached this situation through specialization and division of duties. The specialization calls for an independent company to manage all duties related to that field. For example, tennis duties are ran by a single company, such that the players and tennis events, tennis broadcasts as well as tennis courts will

Investigating Meaningful Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investigating Meaningful Teaching - Essay Example Inclusive classrooms and self-contained classrooms are the two most effective mediums of providing special education to children having difficulties ranging from mild to severe ones (Khalsa & Miyake, 2005). Over six million students aged between 3 and 21 years receive this tertiary means of education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Wilmshurst & Brue, 2005, pp. 1-2). Interviewing two teachers supervising inclusive classrooms and two supervising self-contained classrooms was the primary research methodology. Thereafter, the empirical data obtained from these interviews will be analyzed in the light of relevant pedagogical theories. This paper is going to make a report that will integrate the research findings and assess the pertinent outcomes. Interview findings were the primary sources of data for this project. To conduct the interviews, I had to go to four special educators with a set of questionnaire. The questionnaire contained crucial paradigms for theoretical clarity, which, in turn, provided the required methodologies of data analysis. Given below are the questions and corresponding answers given by the interviewees: Instructors who were interviewed shared similar opinions on their teaching and learning experiences, particularly in models that endorse collaborative responsibilities for both inclusive and self-contained classrooms. To put it simply, they emphasized on outlining specific learning modules, assessment metrics and reiterated the need for closer attention to students with reading difficulties. They also gave unanimous opinion on the need to have vocational training as a compulsory method of teaching in upper classes. This interviewer sought to differentiate between the basic theoretical aspects of both models in contention here. While instructors in affiliation with inclusive pedagogical formats were quite satisfied with the outcomes of their coaching, teachers of self-contained classrooms did find it inadequate as

An Entrepreneur's Journey Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Entrepreneur's Journey - Assignment Example Both her personal and business life need maximum and equal attention. Simi will have a difficult time during the transition as first she has to find an appropriate house for the family, and one that she can afford. Her husband is dealing with the housing issue, but it has an effect on the family and their finances. In addition, she has her children’s education to worry about, as the move to Lagos will necessitate them to change school. Finding this a good school for the kids to settle is another challenge. The moving process will have a huge effect on the family as it involves many changes to their personal and professional lives. The children will have to change schools and the environment they have been used to. Simi and her husband will also have to adapt to the new personal and business environment they will now be exposed to (Davis and Spence 5). The move to Nigeria presents a new challenge to the survival of the business, which is only 2 years old. Simi had to put in measures that will ensure the survival of the business even without his husband’s presence throughout the year. She has to have a strategic plan on the sustainability of the business in both the long-term and short-term. To safeguard the survival of the business, Simi has taken several steps. The first step has been to ensure that she will find time to take care of the business by being there for 4 months in a year. This will give her the opportunity to deal with the company issues and assess the progress in her absence. In addition, she will keep constant communication with Feyi to help her in the day-to-day running of the business. Simi and Feyi have hired a marketing consultant to help them articulate the story to the media and public in general. This is a step to help the business gain more recognition and extend its outreach to more potential clients. This will help grow the business and ensure its

Dominos vs. US Pizza Essay Example for Free

Dominos vs. US Pizza Essay The research report you have authorized us to write on â€Å"Dominos vs. US Pizza† is now ready and follow this letter. This report is the result of work completed at SKIPS. During our work term as other student, we were engaged to assist in related topic collection. In the course of this work we gained knowledge about this topic. It is the detailed information and data which is the subject of this report. Through the course of the term, we were given the opportunity to learn much about the strategic model of Dominos. We feel that this knowledge will be helpful in future work terms, and in our career. We would like to thank our mentor Mr. Manish Thaker for his patience and good judgement, as well as classmates who were always willing to help. Sincerely Parul Kapoor (43) Sejal Rathod (55) Table of contents Contents Executive summary Introduction Research methodology Analysis of research data Findings Conclusions Recommendation Annexure Executive Summary This report contains the detailed research about the ‘strategies of Dominos vs US Pizza’. The research was an exploratory one. The aim of the research was to find the out the strategies adopted by Dominos to attract customer towards it. The research was conducted in the period of March to April. The target population of the research was the pizza consumers. Out of this the sample size of 100 were drawn based on convenient sampling technique. The research was done by filling the questionnaire which was fully drawn on the basis of the research objectives. The conclusion for the research was almost drawn during the data collection itself. 100% of respondents like pizza. Out of sample size of 100, 68% of respondents visit more to Dominos. 35% of respondents lie in age group of 20-25 years, visit these restaurants with their friends in free hours. Respondents prefer Dominos because the quality of the food offered by Dominos is good. Awareness of preferred restaurant came from friends and T. V add. This shows that people are attracted more towards Dominos because quality of food offered by Dominos is better than Quality offered by US Pizza. INTRODUCTION Problem Definition: Both (Dominos and US Pizza), provide same kind of facility. They have huge varieties in pizza as well as other items. Us pizza has unlimited scheme packages and price of its items are also reasonable whereas Dominos doesn’t have any unlimited packages and price of all the items are also high as compare to U. S. Pizza. Still people attracted towards Dominos, more than US Pizza. Research Objectives: The key objectives of the research are identified as following: To study the strength of Dominos business model. To study the strength of US Pizza’s business model. To find out ‘why people are attracted more towards Dominos than US Pizza’ Research Design: This is an exploratory type of research. It’s a problem of general nature, numbers and statistics are used to support this research. The primary source of data is in questionnaire and short interview. Research design is the that phase where researcher has to detail a plan in which alternatives are going to be chose at each of the following stages. Selection of type of research. Selection of measures and measurement techniques. Selection of sample size and sampling techniques. Selection of methods of data analysis. Research Methodology: Primary Data: Data is collected through structured questionnaire by conducting survey. Mode of collection Online questionnaire Offline questionnaire Methods of Data Analysis The questionnaire of 22 variables (2 dependants and 18 independents) was administered through advanced data analysis of utilities of SPSS. 1. Hypothesis To achieve these objectives, the following hypotheses are formulated:- 1. H0 :- More Frequency of customer towards Dominos Pizza H1:- Frequency is more towards other restaurant 2. H0 :- All parameters are equality important H1:- At least 1 Parameter is Important 3. H0:- Customers are satisfied for all Parameter H1:- Customers are Satisfied for At least One Parameter Data analysis and interpretation: Exhibit-1 1)Like restaurants Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid YES 100 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: From Exhibit -1 we can conclude that 100% people like to go to restaurant. Exhibit-2 2)Visit time Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent. Valid ONCE OR TWICE IN WEEK 23 23. 0 23. 0 23. 0 ONCE OR TWICE IN 15 DAYS 27 27. 0 27. 0 50. 0 ONCE OR TWICE IN A MONTH 37 37. 0 37. 0 87. 0 OCCATIONNALY 13 13. 0 13. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation:- From above chart 37% people go to restaurant once or twice in a month, 27% people go to restaurant once or twice in a 15 days, 23% people go to restaurant once or twice in a week and only 13% people like to go to restaurant occasionally. Exhibit-3 3)No. of visit Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1-5 91 91. 0 91. 0 91. 0 5-10 7 7. 0 7. 0 98. 0 MORE THAN 10 2 2. 0 2. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: looking above graph 91% respondent visit restaurant 1-5 times in a month Exhibit-4 4)Prefer Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid PIZZA 59 59. 0 59. 0 59. 0 CHAT 6 6. 0 6. 0 65. 0 SANDWITCH 25 25. 0 25. 0 90. 0 OTHER 10 10. 0 10. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: From above Exhibit more preference given to pizza then other snacks. Exhibit-5 5)Like pizza Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid YES 100 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0. Interpretation: Above diagram conclude that thought respondents like other snacks like sandwitch, chats etc, they also like pizza. Exhibit-6 6) Preferred rest. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid DOMINOS 68 68. 0 68. 0 68. 0 US PIZZA 26 26. 0 26. 0 94. 0 PIZZA WORLD 2 2. 0 2. 0 96. 0 PIZZA ZONE 2 2. 0 2. 0 98. 0 OTHER 2 2. 0 2. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: Respondents like to go many restaurant like dominos, us pizza, pizza world, pizza zone etc but they give more preference to dominos. Exhibit-7 7)Reason for visit Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid QUALITY IS GOOD 86 86. 0 86. 0 86. 0 PRICE IS LOW 8 8. 0 8. 0 94. 0. SERVICE IS GOOD 2 2. 0 2. 0 96. 0 4 2 2. 0 2. 0 98. 0 5 2 2. 0 2. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: Above diagram conclude that people give more preference to dominos because food quality of dominos is better than other restaurant. Cross-tab Q-9 Q-10. Important factor satisfaction level 8. (a) Quality * 9. (b)Price Crosstab Count 9. (b)Price Total Satisfied least satisfied 8. (a)Quality very imp 54 46 100 Total 54 46 100 Interpretation: From above cross tab 54% respondents to whom quality is very important and they are also satisfied by the price which they are paying for the quality. 8. (a) Quality * 9. (c)Service Crosstab Count 9. (c)Service Total Satisfied 8. (a)Quality very imp 100 100 Total 100 100 Interpretation: Almost all the respondent to whom quality is very important they all satisfied by the service given by the restaurant. 8. (a) Quality * 9. (d)Ambience Crosstab Count 9. (d)Ambience Total Satisfied normal 8. (a)Quality very imp 79 21 100 Total 79 21 100 Interpretation:- Above table conclude that respondents to whom quality is very important they are also satisfied by the ambience in the restaurant. 8. (a)Quality * 9. (e)Customization Crosstab Count 9. (e)Customization. Total Satisfied normal least satisfied 8. (a)Quality very imp 77 21 2 100 Total 77 21 2 100 Interpretation: respondents who gives very important to quality also satisfied by the customization adopted by their favourite restaurant. 8. (b)Price * Satis. In Quality Crosstab Count Satis. In Quality Total very satisfied 8. (b)Price very important 46 46 IMPORTANT 23 23 least important 31 31 Total 100 100 Interpretation: In this table respondents who gives very important to the price, they are also very satisfied by the quality they are getting in that price. 8. (b)Price * 9. (b)Price Crosstab Count 9. (b)Price. Total satisfied least satisfied 8. (b)Price very important 0 46 46 IMPORTANT 23 0 23 least important 31 0 31 Total 54 46 100 Interpretation:- Respondents who gives very important to the price they are least satisfied by the price adopted by their favourite restaurant. 8. (b)Price * 9. (c)Service Crosstab Count 9. (c)Service Total satisfied 8. (b)Price very important 46 46 IMPORTANT 23 23 least important 31 31 Total 100 100 Interpretation: This table conclude that respondents to whom price is very important they also satisfied by the services delivered by restaurant. 8. (b)Price * 9. (d)Ambience Crosstab. Count 9. (d)Ambience Total satisfied normal 8. (b)Price very important 46 0 46 IMPORTANT 2 21 23 least important 31 0 31 Total 79 21 100 Interpretation: Respondents also satisfied by the ambience presents in their favourite restaurant. 8. (b)Price * 9. (e)Customization Crosstab Count 9. (e)Customization Total satisfied normal least satisfied 8. (b)Price very important 46 0 0 46 IMPORTANT 0 21 2 23 least important 31 0 0 31 Total 77 21 2 100 Interpretation:- Respondents to whom price are very important they also satisfied by the customization. 8. (c)Service * Satis. In Quality Crosstab Count Satis. In Quality Total very satisfied 8. (c)Service very important 52 52 important 48 48 Total 100 100 Interpretation: Respondents who give much important to the service they are also satisfied by the quality. 8. (c)Service * 9. (b)Price Crosstab Count 9. (b)Price Total satisfied least satisfied 8. (c)Service very important 52 0 52 important 2 46 48 Total 54 46 100 Interpretation: Respondents to whom service are very important they are satisfied by the price which they are paying. 8. (c)Service * 9. (c)Service Crosstab Count 9. (c)Service Total satisfied 8. (c)Service very important 52 52 important 48 48 Total. 100 100 Interpretation:- Respondents to whom service is very important they also satisfied by the service offered by their favourite restaurant. 8. (c)Service * 9. (d)Ambience Crosstab Count 9. (d)Ambience Total satisfied normal 8. (c)Service very important 31 21 52 important 48 0 48 Total 79 21 100 Interpretation: respondents who gives important to the service they are also satisfied by the ambience in the restaurants. 8. (c)Service * 9. (e)Customization Crosstab Count 9. (e)Customization Total satisfied normal least satisfied 8. (c)Service very important 31 21 0 52 important 46 0 2 48 Total 77 21 2 100. Interpretation: Respondents to whom service is important they are satisfied by the customization. 8. (d)Brand * Satis. In Quality Crosstab Count Satis. In Quality Total very satisfied 8. (d)Brand very important 31 31 Important 23 23 least important 46 46 Total 100 100 8. (d)Brand * 9. (b)Price Crosstab Count 9. (b)Price Total satisfied least satisfied 8. (d)Brand very important 31 0 31 Important 23 0 23 least important 0 46 46 Total 54 46 100 8. (d)Brand * 9. (c)Service Crosstab Count 9. (c)Service Total satisfied 8. (d)Brand very important 31 31 Important 23 23 least important 46 46 Total 100 100 8. (d)Brand * 9. (d)Ambience Crosstab. Count 9. (d)Ambience Total satisfied normal 8. (d)Brand very important 31 0 31 Important 2 21 23 least important 46 0 46 Total 79 21 100 8. (d)Brand * 9. (e)Customization Crosstab Count 9. (e)Customization Total satisfied normal least satisfied 8. (d)Brand very important 31 0 0 31 Important 0 21 2 23 least important 46 0 0 46 Total 77 21 2 100 Interpretation: Respondents gives least important to the brand but they are satisfied by quality, price, service, ambience and customization delivered by their favourite restaurant. 8. (e)Ambience * Satis. In Quality Crosstab Count Satis. In Quality Total very satisfied 8. (e)Ambience important 33. 33 least important 67 67 Total 100 100 8. (e)Ambience * 9. (b)Price Crosstab Count 9. (b)Price Total satisfied least satisfied 8. (e)Ambience important 33 0 33 least important 21 46 67 Total 54 46 100 8. (e)Ambience * 9. (c)Service Crosstab Count 9. (c)Service Total satisfied 8. (e)Ambience important 33 33 least important 67 67 Total 100 100 8. (e)Ambience * 9. (d)Ambience Crosstab Count 9. (d)Ambience Total satisfied normal 8. (e)Ambience important 33 0 33 least important 46 21 67 Total 79 21 100 8. (e)Ambience * 9. (e)Customization Crosstab Count 9. (e)Customization Total satisfied normal least satisfied 8. (e)Ambience important 31 0 2 33. least important 46 21 0 67 Total 77 21 2 100 Interpretation: Respondents who gives least important to the ambience but they are satisfied by the quality, price, service ambience customization. 8. (f)Customization * Satis. In Quality Crosstab Count Satis. In Quality Total very satisfied 8. (f)Customization very important 2 2 important 98 98 Total 100 100 8. (f)Customization * 9. (b)Price Crosstab Count 9. (b)Price Total satisfied least satisfied 8. (f)Customization very important 2 0 2 important 52 46 98 Total 54 46 100 8. (f)Customization * 9. (c)Service Crosstab Count 9. (c)Service Total satisfied 8. (f)Customization very important 2 2. important 98 98 Total 100 100 8. (f)Customization * 9. (d)Ambience Crosstab Count 9. (d)Ambience Total satisfied normal 8. (f)Customization very important 2 0 2 important 77 21 98 Total 79 21 100 8. (f)Customization * 9. (e)Customization Crosstab Count 9. (e)Customization Total satisfied normal least satisfied 8. (f)Customization very important 0 0 2 2 important 77 21 0 98 Total 77 21 2 100 Interpretation: Almost all the respondents gives important to the customization and they are also satisfied by the quality, price, service, ambience, customization. 8. (g)Nearness * Satis. In Quality Crosstab Count Satis. In Quality Total very satisfied. 8. (g)Nearness very important 58 58 least important 42 42 Total 100 100 8. (g)Nearness * 9. (b)Price Crosstab Count 9. (b)Price Total satisfied least satisfied 8. (g)Nearness very important 52 6 58 least important 2 40 42 Total 54 46 100 8. (g)Nearness * 9. (c)Service Crosstab Count 9. (c)Service Total satisfied 8. (g)Nearness very important 58 58 least important 42 42 Total 100 100 8. (g)Nearness * 9. (d)Ambience Crosstab Count 9. (d)Ambience Total satisfied normal 8. (g)Nearness very important 37 21 58 least important 42 0 42 Total 79 21 100 8. (g)Nearness * 9. (e)Customization Crosstab Count 9. (e)Customization Total satisfied normal least satisfied 8. (g)Nearness very important 37 21 0 58 least important 40 0 2 42 Total 77 21 2 100 Interpretation: Almost all the respondents prefer to go to nearness restaurant and they are also satisfied by it. Exhibit-10 10)Visit with whom Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Friends 87 87. 0 87. 0 87. 0 Family 4 4. 0 4. 0 91. 0 g. f/b. f 9 9. 0 9. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: respondents mostly go to the restaurant with their friends. Exhibit-11 11)Scheme Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid unlimited 65 65. 0 65. 0 65. 0 By one get one free 5 5. 0 5. 0 70. 0 Discount 11. 11. 0 11. 0 81. 0 coupons 7 7. 0 7. 0 88. 0 Other 12 12. 0 12. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Exhibit-12 12)Awareness Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Friends 68 68. 0 68. 0 68. 0 TV adds 17 17. 0 17. 0 85. 0 news paper adds 9 9. 0 9. 0 94. 0 Posters 4 4. 0 4. 0 98. 0 Internet 2 2. 0 2. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: looking to the above diagram respondents aware about the restaurant by their friends and by TV adds. Exhibit-13 13)Frequency Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid occationally 28 28. 0 28. 0 28. 0 once or twice in a week 15 15. 0 15. 0 43. 0 once or twice in a month. 57 57. 0 57. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Intr Interpretation: respondents visit dominos once or twice in a month. Exhibit: 14 14)Visit reason Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid In your free hours 66 66. 0 66. 0 66. 0 For meetings 6 6. 0 6. 0 72. 0 For parties 21 21. 0 21. 0 93. 0 For someone parties 7 7. 0 7. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: Respondents mostly like to go to Dominos in their free time for Parties. Exhibit-15 15)Freq. visit reason Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Quality of food is good 53 53. 0 53. 0 53. 0 Has good friendly atmosphere. 32 32. 0 32. 0 85. 0 It is near your house 10 10. 0 10. 0 95. 0 Other 5 5. 0 5. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: Above diagram conclude that respondents like to go to Dominos because the quality of the food offer by dominos is better. Exhibit-17 17) age Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 20-25 35 35. 0 35. 0 35. 0 25-30 17 17. 0 17. 0 52. 0 30-40 29 29. 0 29. 0 81. 0 above 40 19 19. 0 19. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretation: looking to the above exhibit mostly young generation, who come under the age of 20-25 preferred to go to the Dominos. Findings conclusions. 1) From above analysis we can conclude that 68% respondents prefer to go to the Dominos then other restaurants. 2) Respondents prefer to go to the Dominos because the quality of the food is good over there. 3) People give very important to the quality, price and services. They give important to the customization but they give least important to the brand ambience. But comparison to all factor more preference given to quality price. They are satisfied by the quality in their favourite restaurant but they are least satisfied by the price. 4) Out of the respondents most number of respondents visits dominos with their friends family. 5) Respondents also aware about Dominos by their friends and TV adds. 6) Out of respondents mostly they prefer to visit Dominos once or twice in a month in their free time and for parties so we can conclude that they are regular customer. 7) Dominos attracts all kind of generation like those who come in age 20-25, 25-30, and above 30 also. But more attracted by 20-25 years old people. Conclusion 1) People gives more important to price and they also least satisfied by the price in dominos but they are attracted to Dominos because they are satisfied by the quality offered by the Dominos and for that they are not paying high price. 2) People are not attracted towards Dominos because it is an international brand. People are not giving important to the brand but they are giving important to the quality and price. 3) Mostly people go to Dominos with their friends and family. But people go to there with family rarely because of the price factor. They prefer to go U. S. Pizza with family because it offer unlimited scheme which is enable them to spend less. 4) People also aware about the Dominos by their friend and TV adds also by the banners. 5) Dominos attracted all kind of generation like youngster adult. Strategies Following are the strategies adopted by Dominos to attract the customer towards it. 1) They maintain the quality of the food same in every store because there quality is main factor to influence the customer. 2) They maintain same taste in every store. 3) They also maintain hygiene level. 4) They have monopoly in 5 types of pizza which is thin crust, hand toast, cheese burst, deep dish, 3 cheese. 5) They come up with new product every 3-4 months. 6) They contacted their customer and ask about their choice taste and they launch new product according to customer preference. 7) People give more preference to the nearness restaurant so they open their branches in 15 areas. 8) They give free delivery in just 30 minute. If it is not delivered in 30 minute they give pizza free of cost. 9) Mostly college going student and working people go to Dominos so they open there branches in 2. 5km 3 km near to the college and office area. Recommendation 1) People give more important to the price if dominos reduce their price then people they can capture almost all market share. 2) If dominos don’t want to reduce the price than it can also offer some discount or unlimited scheme. People attracted towards US pizza because of it unlimited scheme. Here people already satisfied by quality if they offer some scheme then they can attract more people who go restaurant with their family. 3) They also offer salads or other customization product. Annexure Dominos vs us Pizza Questionnaire Respected Sir/ Madam We, 1st year PGDM student from St Kabir Institute of Professional Studies , conducting a research on ‘Dominos vs US Pizza’. We want to know your views about these restaurants. The information provided by you is purely for research purpose and will be strictly kept confidential. Top of Form. 1) Do you like to go Restaurants? Yes No 2) When do you go to Restaurants? Once or Twice a week Once or Twice in 15 days Once or twice in a month Occasionally 3) How many times in previous month did you visit the restaurant? 0 1-5 5-10 More than 10 4) What do you prefer in snacks? Pizza Chat Sandwich Others 5) Do you like Pizza? Yes No 6) Where do you like the most to go for Pizza? Dominos US Pizza Pizza world Pizza zone Others 7) Why you like to go in above mention Pizza restaurant? Quality is good Price is low Service is good Others 8) How much importance do you give to the following factors when you go for eating pizza? Very Important Important Least Important Not at all Important Quality Price Service Brand Ambience Customization Nearness 9) How much are you satisfied with the following factors in your preferred pizza restaurant? Very satisfied Satisfied Normal least Satisfied Not Satisfied Quality Price Service Ambience Customization 10) With whom you like to go in this restaurant? Friends Colleague Family G. F/ B. F Others 11) Is there any scheme in above pizza restaurant? Unlimited By one get one free Discount Price Coupon Others No scheme s 12) How did you know above restaurant? Friends T. V Add. Newspaper adds. poster. Internet Other 13) How frequently you go to this restaurant? Occationally Once or twice in week Once or twice in month rarely 14) When you prefer to go? In your free hours For meetings For parties For someone’s parties 15) What is the main reason you frequently go a particular restaurant? Quality of food is good Has a good friendly atmosphere your family children like it It is near your house Other 16) Name 17) Age 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-40 above 40 18) Area where you belong: 19) Contact No 20) Gender Male Female 21) Occupation Student Job Business Other 22) You’re monthly Income? 20000 Bottom of Form.